Managerial Economics Assignment Questions - 1409 Words

Managerial Economics: Assignment 5 Andrew Amason BUS 640: Managerial Economics (NAI1629A) Dr. Neal Johnson August 15, 2016 Problem 1: Jessica Alba, a famous actress, starts the baby and family products business, The Honest Company, with Christopher Gavigan. Alba and Gavigan set up their site so families can choose what kinds of non-toxic, all-natural products they d like to use and get them in a bundle. Families can choose all kinds of products from food to hygiene necessities and cleaning supplies. Suppose they are thinking of expanding their business into five domestic markets: Phoenix, Dallas, Chicago, New York, and Atlanta. Assume their primary goal of business is to maximize economic profits, although they want to do business honestly. Show all your calculations and process. Describe your answer for each question in three- to five-complete sentences. a. You are a business adviser for Alba and Gavigan. Describe a skimming price and a penetration price, and advise them whether they should charge a skimming price or a penetration price, with supportive reasoning for and against each pricing alternative. The Honest Company should introduce its products using the price skinning model, introducing their products at an initially high price, the short-run profit-maximizing price; Price skimming is intended to gain as much profit for the firm as possible in each production period (Douglas, 2012). As a new company the initial short term profits are vital for developing theShow MoreRelatedWeekly Schedule1363 Words   |  6 Pages1 Business Integration and Innovation Financial Management Islamic Ethics Managerial Accounting and Control Systems Managerial Economics Operations Management Jamshed H Khan Syed Mubashir Ali Kamran Rashid Ayesha Bhatti / M Junaid Ashraf Tanveer Shehzad Hassan Rauf / Syed Zahoor Hassan SULEMAN DAWOOD SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MBA PROGRAMME CLASS OF 2016, SECTION B AUDITORIUM A-104 SEMESTER II 2014-2015 (SII) Assignments for the week of March 30 to April 03, 2015 ***************************************************************************Read MoreManagerial Economics Assignment952 Words   |  4 PagesMS- 09: MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT Course Code : MS- 09 Course Title : Managerial Economics Assignment Code : 9/TMA/SEM-II/2010 Coverage : All Blocks Attempt All the Questions. â€Å"A close relationship between management and economics has led to the development of managerial economics.† Explain this statement. BOOK NO 1 PAGE NO. 7 Managerial Economics consists of the use of economic modes of thought to analyse business situation Spencer and Siegelman haveRead MoreBusiness Economics : The Gap Between Abstract Theory And Business Practice Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pages RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT Assignment 1:- â€Å" Business economics which is the gap between abstract theory and business practice. It uses tools of economic analysis in classifying problems, in organizing and evaluating information and in comparing alternative courses of action.†Outline the nature and scope of business economics in the light of this statement. INTRODUCTION Every field of study has its own languageRead MoreEssay on Managerial Economics679 Words   |  3 PagesGus Bonilla MBA 217 Managerial Economics Individual Assignment 2) A firm’s product sells for $2 per unit in a highly competitive market. The firm produces output using capital (which it rents at $75 per hour) and labor (which is paid a wage of $15 per hour under a contract for 20 hours of labor services). Complete the following table and use that information to answer the questions that follow. K | L | O | MPK | APK | APL | VMPK | 0 | 20 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 20 | 50 | 50 | 50Read MoreEcons1089 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION TO MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS Dr. Gong Jie National University of Singapore Why Do We Study Economics ï  ¶ People have to â€Å"Choose† â™ ¦ Resources are scarce. â™ ¦ There is No Such Thing as Free Lunch! ï  ¶ Economics: the science of Rational Choice â™ ¦ Rationality: the basic assumption â™ ¦ Rational Choice: Economic agents use all the information available to make decisions that most efficiently satisfy their needs and achieve stated objectives. â™ ¦ How do people make rational choice? This is the subject ofRead MoreCBU Syllabus 2015 MBAC 51031353 Words   |  6 PagesCourse Overview and Objectives The course will provide students with an introduction to the basic tenets of accounting tailored with a specific emphasis on issues relevant to CED enterprises. The course is a unique combination of financial and managerial accounting themes designed particularly for those working in a CED environment. We begin with the fundamental financial accounting concepts and principles upon which modern accounting is based. These will be applied to the traditional balanceRead MoreWritten Case Study Blockbuster1199 Words   |  5 Pages (case inspired and adapted from â€Å"A naà ¯ve sahab in India† by Charles A. Rarick, of the Andreas School of Business, Barry University, in Cases and Exercises in International Business, Prentice Hall. ) Read the following case and answer the questions in the document â€Å"Bindi_Brake_Company_CaseStudy.pptx† : It was the opportunity of a lifetime, or so Brian Moseley thought, as he accepted a managing position for Aspen Automotive’s new acquisition in India. Aspen Automotive was a supplier to AmericanRead MoreAnalyzing Managerial Decisions: Interwest Healthcare646 Words   |  3 Pagesto thoroughly analyze the data the management information system is currently asking for. I would also review past reports generated by the system and compare them. It would be highly imperative to insure that the system asked the appropriate questions in order to even produce accurate reports. Mrs. Singh can blame the employees for inputting incorrect information all day. However, if the system is flawed to begin with, the latter issue is a moot point in my opinion. 3. What actions mightRead MoreWomen Expatriates1187 Words   |  5 PagesISM UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT BACHELOR STUDIES 3rd year students: Rasa Bartulyt Silvija Daikeryt Ieva Avulyt 2012 10 03 Women Expatriates Supervisor: Lineta Ramonien VILNIUS, 2012 Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Women do not want to be international managers........................................Read MorePolicy And Economics Of Healthcare Delivery1543 Words   |  7 PagesPOLICY AND ECONOMICS OF HEALTHCARE DELIVERY: ASSIGNMENT PART B. Health System Sustainability is attracting unprecedented global attention, particularly from organisations such as the WHO and OECD. Discuss (i) Why sustainability is becoming an important health system objective in industrialised nations; and (ii) Two policies that could potentially alleviate the economic pressures faced by modern health care systems. COURSE: MSC. HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY MODULE: POLICY AND ECONOMICS OF HEALTHCARE

Essay on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is Not a...

Is the Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Racist or Not? The book Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is not a racist book. The main arguments against it are the characters’ personalities and the dialect they used. This book is criticized by Twain critics and on the top ten ban list for school reading material. If people just concentrated on the main plot of the story, instead of the fine details that makes the novel realistic, they would agree that the accusation of this novel being racist is ridiculous. Huck Finn was abused by his father all throughout his childhood. He lived in constant fear of his surroundings and didn’t lead an exactly normal life. When he finally decides to get out of his predicament and stages his own death, he†¦show more content†¦The use of language is not Mark Twain’s view point or the way he speaks, but is the way people actually talked back then in the South. Like when Huck Finn says, â€Å"Miss Watson’s big nigger, named Jim. † Huck is just referring to Jim that way because that’s how he was raised and that is how everyone spoke back then. Even when Huck thought of Jim as a friend he still used the word â€Å"nigger,† but he didn’t use it in a harmful way, as of to insult anyone, but just as an everyday reference to black people that wasn’t exactly uncommon. Jim is no way portrayed as a bad character in this novel. Huck even believes Jim is a good person. You can see this when Huck states, â€Å"I thought he had a good heart in him and was a good man the first time I seen him.† Huck manages to look through Jim’s race and his own racist background and become his friend and helps lead him to freedom. Huck looks at the good qualities of Jim and not his skin color. Even if this novel did display Mark Twain’s viewpoint, I believe it wouldn’t be a racist one. Huck shows friendship towards Jim as well. The novel shows that Huck has feelings for Jim when Huck says, â€Å"It was fifteen minutes before I could work myself up to go and tumble myself to a nigger-but I done it and I warn’t ever sorry for it afterwards, neither. I didn’t do him no more mean tricks, and I wouldn’t done that one if I’d‘a’ knowed it would make him feel that way.† The Adventures ofShow MoreRelatedHuckleberry Finn and the use of Satire Essay1109 Words   |  5 Pages Huck Finn and the use of Satire Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been controversial ever since its release in 1884. It has been called everything from the root of modern American literature to a piece of racist trash. Many scholars have argued about Huck Finn being prejudiced. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain uses satire to mock many different aspects of the modern world. Despite the fact that many critics have accused Mark Twain’s novel of promoting racismRead MoreThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreEssay on Prejudice and Racism in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn833 Words   |  4 PagesPrejudice and Racism in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn      Ã‚   The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, is an excellent example of racism in literature, because it uses language describing African Americans which goes beyond satire.   It treats them as objects and perpetuates stereotypes. It does not expose and deal with racism, as many advocates of its reading claim, but encourages an attitude of superiority that is unnecessary and intolerable. In order to ridRead MoreHuck Finn: Racist or Not Racist?760 Words   |  4 Pagesracist’s comments in his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The character of Jim is demeaning to African-Americans as he is portrayed as a foolish, uneducated, black slave. The â€Å"n† word is also used in the book describing him and many other African-American characters in the story. However, some see this book as anti-racist and believe that the use of racist’s comments is not racist at all. Those who think that are mistaken because Huck Finn in clearly a racist novel. The most obvious pieceRead More Prejudice and Racism in Huckleberry Finn Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesHuckleberry Finn: The Immorality of Racism A majority of people in American society believe that school systems must teach children that racism is morally wrong. Often, however, tension has builds over how to teach this important lesson. Unfortunately, a controversy has built over the teaching of Huckleberry Finn. Although some believe that Mark Twains novel perpetuates racist feelings, in fact Twain uses the characters to demonstrate the immorality of slavery. Miss Watson and PapRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1542 Words   |  7 Pageslast 130 years â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† has been called everything from a piece of trash to a national treasure. Mark Twain, whose real name is Samuel Clemens wrote â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.† Only one month after it was published, librarians in Concord, Massachusetts had it banned. â€Å"He has had his problems with librarians from the start when, in 1885, â€Å"those moral-ice-bergs,† the Library Committee of Concord−symbolic seat of freedom−pronounced the book rough, coarse, inelegantRead MoreEssay on Racism in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn576 Words   |  3 Pagestime. Though in recent years, there has been increasing controversy over the ideas expressed in his novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In some extreme cases the novel has even been banned by public school systems and censored by public libraries. The basis for this censorship is the argument that Mark Twains book is racist, but in reality Twain was against racism and used this book to make people aware of what was going on in the south. He did this by using the regional d ialect of the southRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn 1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been a topic of debate for a long time. The most heated topic of debate is if the novel is racist and if it should then be included in school curriculum whether. Many believe this book should be taken out of school curriculum for being racist. Huckleberry FInn should be taught in schools because of its satire, views on slavery and morals, and depiction of antebellum America. Huck Finn still remains a classic Twain s use of satire is one of the many thingsRead MoreEssay on Huckleberry Finn and Slavery1227 Words   |  5 Pagesperiod in which he lived, and the overwhelmingly racist atmosphere that he was placed in, this is an example of how young Huck Finn is able to see a black man with the human qualities that Huck’s upbringing was supposed to rip from all blacks. Huck’s mind, from the very beginning, is open to the possibility of Jim being just another human being, regardless of him being taught otherwise. Around the time period in which The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is loosely based (1830-1845, roughly), slaveryRead MoreThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a book that has racial attitudes towards a society. It is1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a book that has racial attitudes towards a society. It is written in a language which is more artistic than usual. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer may be a book for young adults and children, b ut the Adventures of huckleberry Finn is not so much for kids. Mark twain shows the evil in his society by satirizing the institution of racism by using irony. Mark Twain’s best works is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The main characters in the book are Huckleberry

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Essay on Tradition in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery

Tradition in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery Shirley Jackson?s insights and observations about society are reflected in her shocking and disturbing short story The Lottery. Jackson reveals two general attitudes in this story: first is the shocking tendency for societies to select a scapegoat and second is the idea that communities are victims of social tradition and rituals. Anyone with knowledge of current events must be aware of times when society has seized upon a scapegoat as means of resolution. Countless politicians, military leaders, corporate executives and school administrators frequently use this proven technique. The people of the small village were very similar to the leaders of our society. The village people†¦show more content†¦The villagers are aware of her rebellious attitude and they are weary that she may be a possible cause for their crops not to be plentiful. It isn?t fair, it isn?t right, Mrs. Hutchinson screamed, and then they were upon her. One can understand how traditions are easily lost through the handing down of information, beliefs, and customs by word of mouth or by example from one generation to another. Traditions that lose their meaning due to human forgetfulness can cause dreadful consequences to occur. Although the villagers had forgotten the ritual and lost the original box, they still remembered to use stones to kill the forgetful woman. Does a society just pick and choose which part of a tradition they want to keep? One tends to remember the actions and the objects necessary to proceed with a ritual, but one may forget the purpose or the reason behind it. Is one correct in continuing a tradition even though there is a victim involved? The individual, as part of a society, is afraid of ridicule. If one ends a tradition, and society still behaves in the manner they were taught, then ridicule will be the result. The people had done it so many times that they only half listened to the directions, shows that the meaning and purpose behind the ritual had been lost and the society just acting it out through repetition. The villagers, who remember some bits of history about those forgotten aspects of the ritual, ARE NOT even definite about the accuracy ofShow MoreRelatedThe Theme Of Tradition In Shirley Jacksons The Lottery1638 Words   |  7 PagesDEATH BY TRADITION Henry James once said, â€Å"It takes an endless amount of history to make a little tradition.† In the short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† by Shirley Jackson deals with the insignificant nature of humanity when it comes to traditions. Today when one thinks about winning, one does not think about the community or close relatives; one thinks about how one is going to spend the money received. However, in Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery† represents a human sacrifice by means of stoning withRead MoreEssay Tradition or Cruelty in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery1147 Words   |  5 Pageshave many traditions. These traditions all have certain meanings behind them; however, many of those meanings tend to be lost or forgotten. The holiday of Thanksgiving was originally a celebration to commemorate the arrival of the pilgrims in the new world and their first interactions with the Native Americans. So then why is it still celebrated today? There is no actual purpose in today’s society to observe this custom.   It has just continued to be observed because of past traditions.   There isRead MoreTradition or Cruelty in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery Essay2237 Words   |  9 PagesTradition or Cruelty in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery Shirley Jacksons The Lottery satirizes barbaric traditions in a supposedly civilized village. As the story begins, the villagers appear to be fairly civilized and carry on fairly modern lifestyles. This is assumed by the mens discussion of planting, rain, tractors, and taxes. The lottery was outdated to such a degree that some may think that the tradition is primal competition of anthropoid beasts. On the other hand, some think that carryingRead More Religious Tradition in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery Essay1137 Words   |  5 PagesReligious Tradition in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While The Lottery is a fictitious story it can be argued that it mirrors the attitude of American culture in how it addresses religious tradition in its major holidays and celebrations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two of the biggest holidays in the United States are Christmas and Easter. Both of which are derived from Christian beliefs. Even though The Lottery is apparently a pagan ritual, violent and horrific, it is appropriate, only by the fact thatRead MoreEssay on Ritual and Tradition in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery580 Words   |  3 Pagesmistaken, the consequence could be unpredictable. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson gives us a lecture about a tortuous ritual. The story takes place in a small village with 300 citizens, they gather for a yearly lottery which everyone should participate. The story leads to a horrific ending by people forgetting the concept of ritual. When people think of a lottery, they draw an image with a big amount of money in head. However in the story â€Å"The Lottery†, the price is death. It starts in the morning ofRead More Tradition in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily and Shirley Jacksons The Lottery656 Words   |  3 PagesTradition in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily and Shirley Jacksons The Lottery People throughout the world do things for many different reasons. Religion, peer pressure, or tradition are some of the reasons the people do things. In the U.S. we have many traditions such as Christmas. Some people have strange or out of the ordinary traditions. The two short stories ?The Lottery? and ?A Rose for Emily? both portray tradition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In ?The Lottery?, tradition is showed in three main waysRead MoreTradition in Roberto Benigni’s Life is Beautiful and Shirley Jacksons The Lottery1027 Words   |  5 Pages We all have traditions in our lives, but most of them vary between us. Where we are the same is that we have a genetic history of traditions. So what defines a tradition? A way of thinking, behaving, or doing something that has been used by the people in a particular group, family, society, culture, etc., for a long time. An inherited, established, or customary pattern of thought, action, or behavior. Also a belief or story or a relating to the past that are commonly accepted. ThisRead MoreUse of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson1146 Words   |  5 Pagesbulb represents ideas that just sparked into a character’s head. In the short story, â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, a village has just entered the month of June, meaning that the lottery is to begin. When everyone was present, the heads of the households’ names were called one by one to pick up a slip of paper. It was then discovered that the Hutchinson family was the chosen family to participate in the lottery again. When Mr. Hutchinson, Mrs. Hutchinson, Bill Jr., Nancy, and Little Dave each gotRead MoreCatholicism Exposed in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesTraditions are something that are passed from generation to generation. Tradition becomes a part of who we are as a scociety. Shirley Jackson mocks society’s way of blindly following certain traditions. Characteristics of Jackson’s story create a parallel with Catholicism, by harping on our fear of change but our ability to manipulate what we want from our traditions and the basis of Catholicism’s belief of the innocen ce in children. Shirley Jacksons short story The Lottery has created a clearRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson931 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948 Shirley Jackson composed the controversial short story â€Å"The Lottery.† Generally speaking, a title such as â€Å"The Lottery† is usually affiliated with an optimistic outlook. However, Jackson’s approach is quite unorthodox and will surely leave readers contemplating the intent of her content. The story exposes a crude, senseless lottery system in which random villagers are murdered amongst their peers. Essentially, the lottery system counteracts as a form of population control, but negatives easily

Succubus Shadows Chapter 10 Free Essays

I woke to blackness. Blackness and suffocation. I was in a small room, a box really, crammed in so tightly that my arms wrapped around me and my knees were drawn to my chest. We will write a custom essay sample on Succubus Shadows Chapter 10 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Weirdly, my limbs seemed too long. My whole body did, actually. My body changed all the time with shape-shifting, but this wasn’t what I’d been wearing with Roman. This was different. For a moment, that horrible space seemed to close in around me. I couldn’t breathe. With great effort, I tried to calm myself down. There was enough air. I could breathe. And even if I couldn’t have, it wouldn’t have mattered. The fear of suffocation was a human instinct. Where was I? I didn’t remember anything after the bedroom. I recalled the light and the music and Roman bursting in too late. I’d felt his power build up, like he was about to take action, but I hadn’t seen the conclusion. And now, here I was. Before my eyes, two identical luminescent forms suddenly appeared, like torches being lit in the darkness. They were tall and thin, with willowy, androgynous features. Black cloth wrapped around their bodies, seeming to glow with a light of its own, and long black hair flowed from their heads, blending in and losing itself in the cloth. Their eyes were a startling radioactive blue, too blue for any human, and seemed to bug out of those long, pale faces that were neither male nor female. It was weird too because it was like they stood before me in a large room, as though they were ten or so feet away from me. Yet, I was still crammed into the confines of my box and its unseen walls, barely able to move. Aside from them, everything else was pure, unfathomable blackness. I couldn’t even see my own body or any other features of the room. My brain couldn’t get a grip on this spatial hypocrisy. It was all too surreal. â€Å"Who are you?† I demanded. â€Å"What am I doing here?† I saw no point in wasting time. The duo didn’t answer right away. Their eyes were cold and unreadable, but I saw a bit of smugness in their lips. â€Å"Our succubus,† one said. His – my brain decided to assign them a gender – voice was low and raspy, with a lisp that reminded me of a snake. â€Å"Our succubus at last.† â€Å"Harder to catch than we thought,† added the other, voice identical. â€Å"We thought you would have succumbed long ago.† â€Å"Who are you?† I repeated, anger kindling. I squirmed in a futile attempt at escape. My confines were so tight that I didn’t even have the space to beat my fists against the nonexistent walls. â€Å"Mother will be pleased,† the first one said. â€Å"Very pleased,† confirmed the other. The way they alternated phrases reminded me of how Grace – Jerome’s former lieutenant demoness – and Mei used to interact. That had had a charming, moderately creepy The Shining feel to it. This†¦this was something else. Something terrible and icy, burning my senses like nails on a chalkboard. â€Å"Mother will reward us,† the first said. I decided to call them One and Two for the ease of mental processing. â€Å"She will reward us when she is free, when she escapes the angels.† â€Å"Who’s your mother?† I asked. A troubling suspicion was beginning to form. â€Å"We will avenge her until she can do it herself,† said Two. â€Å"You will suffer for betraying her.† â€Å"Nyx,† I murmured. â€Å"Nyx is your mother. And you’re†¦you’re Oneroi.† They said nothing, which I took as affirmation. My head reeled. Oneroi? How had this happened? Oneroi were a type of dream demon – but not demons like the ones I interacted with. Heaven and Hell were forces in the universe, but there were others, others that mingled with and often ran parallel to the system I existed in. Nyx was one such force, an entity of chaos from the beginning of time, when the world had been created from disorder. And the Oneroi were her children. I knew a few things about them but had never seen them – or ever expected to. They visited dreams, feeding on them. Nyx had done this too, but the manner had been a little different. She had manipulated people into seeing the future in their dreams – a twisted version that didn’t unfold the way the dreamer expected. It had led to crazy actions that spawned chaos in the world, allowing her to grow stronger. She’d also fed on my energy directly, taking it in its purest form and distracting me with dreams of my own. But Oneroi fed on the dreams themselves, deriving their power from the emotions and realities fueled by the dreamer. My understanding was that they also had the power to manipulate dreams but rarely had reason to. Humans provided plenty of hopes, dreams, and fears on their own. They needed no outside help. That was the extent of my Oneroi knowledge, but it was enough. Feeling even a little informed about the situation empowered me. â€Å"That’s what this is about? You took me because of Nyx? I wasn’t the one who caught her. The angels did.† â€Å"You helped them,† said One. â€Å"Led them to her.† â€Å"And then refused to save her,† added Two. With a pang, I remembered that horrible night, when Carter and his cronies had recaptured Nyx after her devastating free-for-all in Seattle. An angel had died that night. Another had fallen. And Nyx had promised to show me a future and family with a man I could love, if only I would give her the rest of my energy and let her break free. â€Å"She was lying,† I said. â€Å"She was trying to make a deal when she had nothing to offer.† â€Å"Mother always shows the truth,† said One. â€Å"Dreams can be lies, but truth is truth.† I decided pointing out the redundancy of that statement was useless. â€Å"Well, I’m sure she’ll appreciate the Mother’s Day gift, but you’re wasting your time. Jerome will come for me. My archdemon. He won’t let me stay here.† â€Å"He won’t find you,† said Two. This time, I could definitely see smugness. â€Å"He can’t find you. You no longer exist for him.† â€Å"You’re wrong,† I replied, with a bit of my own smugness. â€Å"There’s no place in this world you can take me where he can’t find me.† That was, of course, assuming they hadn’t managed to hide my immortal aura. To my knowledge, only greater immortals could do that. I wasn’t sure where Oneroi fell in. One actually smiled. It was not attractive. â€Å"You aren’t in the world. Not the mortal world. This is the dream world.† â€Å"You’re one of many dreams,† Two said. â€Å"One dream among all the dreams of humanity. Your essence is here. Your soul. Lost in a sea of countless others.† My fear stopped me from offering commentary on his sudden shift into metaphor. The metaphysics of the universe and its layers and creation were beyond me. Even if someone had explained them to me, it was something past the comprehension of a mortal, lesser immortal, or any other being who was made-not-born. I had enough understanding, though, to recognize some truth in their words. There was a world of dreams, a world without form with nearly as much power as the physical one I lived in. Was it possible to trap my essence in it and hide me from Jerome? I was unsure enough that I couldn’t write it off. â€Å"So, what?† I asked, attempting haughtiness but mostly sounding as uneasy as I felt. â€Å"You’ll just keep me in this mime box and feel better about yourselves?† â€Å"No,† said One. â€Å"You’re in the world of dreams. You will dream.† The world dissolved again. It was my wedding day. I was fifteen years old, jailbait in the twenty-first century but more than old enough to be a wife in fourth-century Cyprus. And more than tall enough too. The Oneroi had sent me into a memory or a dream of a memory or something like that. It was a lot like the dreams Nyx had put me in. I was watching myself like a movie†¦yet at the same time, I was in myself, experiencing everything quite naturally. It was a disorienting feeling, made worse by the fact that I had never wanted to see my human self again. Selling my soul had come with obvious downsides, but there had been perks too: the ability to shape-shift and never again have to wear the body that had committed such grievous sins in my mortal life. Yet, there I was, and I was unable to look away. It was like being in A Clockwork Orange. My younger self had been about five feet ten inches tall by today’s standards and a giant of a woman in an era where people had been shorter. When dancing, I’d been able to put that long body and all those limbs to good use, moving gracefully and effortlessly. In everyday life, though, I’d always been painfully conscious of my height, feeling awkward and unnatural. Watching my old self walk now, from the outside, I was astonished to see I didn’t appear as clumsy as I’d always believed. That didn’t negate the revulsion I felt at seeing the thick, waist-long black hair or passably pretty face. Still, it was kind of a surprise to watch reality (if this was reality) and memory meshed. It was just after dawn, and I was carrying a large amphora of oil out to a storage house beyond my family’s home. My steps were light, careful not to spill any of it, and I again marveled at the way I moved. I set the vessel down beside others inside the shed and started to head back toward the house. I’d barely taken two steps outside when Kyriakos, my husband-to-be, appeared. There was a covert expression on his face, one that instantly told me he had sneaked over here to find me and knew perfectly well that he shouldn’t have. It was an uncharacteristically bold move for him, and I chastised him for the indiscretion. â€Å"What are you doing? You’re going to see me this afternoon†¦and then every day after that!† â€Å"I had to give you these before the wedding.† He held up a string of wooden beads, small and perfectly formed with tiny ankhs engraved on them. â€Å"They were my mother’s. I want you to have them, to wear them today.† He leaned forward, placing the beads around my neck. As his fingers brushed my skin, I felt something warm and tingly run through my body. At the tender age of fifteen, I hadn’t exactly understood such sensations, though I was eager to explore them. My wiser self today recognized them as the early stirrings of lust, and†¦well, there had been something else there too. Something else that I still didn’t quite comprehend. An electric connection, a feeling that we were bound into something bigger than ourselves. That our being together was inevitable. â€Å"There,† he said, once the beads were secure and my hair brushed back into place. â€Å"Perfect.† He said nothing else after that. He didn’t need to. His eyes told me all I needed to know, and I shivered. Until Kyriakos, no man had ever given me a second glance. I was Marthanes’ too-tall daughter after all, the one with the sharp tongue who didn’t think before speaking. But Kyriakos had always listened to me and watched me like I was someone more, someone tempting and desirable, like the beautiful priestesses of Aphrodite who still carried on their rituals away from the Christian priests. I wanted him to touch me then, not realizing just how much until I caught his hand suddenly and unexpectedly. Taking it, I placed it around my waist and pulled him to me. His eyes widened in surprise but he didn’t pull back. We were almost the same height, making it easy for his mouth to seek mine out in a crushing kiss. I leaned against the warm stone wall behind me so that I was pressed between it and him. I could feel every part of his body against mine, but we still weren’t close enough. Not nearly enough. Our kissing grew more ardent, as though our lips alone might close whatever aching distance lay between us. I moved his hand again, this time to push up my skirt along the side of one leg. His hand stroked the smooth flesh there and, without further urging, slid over to my inner thigh. I arched my lower body toward his, nearly writhing against him now, needing him to touch me everywhere. â€Å"Letha? Where are you at?† My sister’s voice carried over the wind; she wasn’t nearby but could no doubt show up if she sought me. Kyriakos and I broke apart, both gasping, pulses racing. He was looking at me like he’d never seen me before. Heat burned in his gaze. â€Å"Have you ever been with anyone before?† he asked wonderingly. I shook my head. â€Å"How did you†¦I never imagined you doing that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I learn fast.† We stood there, locked in time for a moment. Then, he pulled me back to him, his lips crushing mine once more. His hand returned to my dress, hiking it up over my waist. He held my bare hips firmly and pressed himself to my body. I felt him hard against me, felt my body respond to something that seemed both new and natural at the same time. The fingers of one hand slid over, feeling the wetness between my thighs. His touch felt like fire, and I moaned, wanting him to stroke me there more and more. Instead, he turned me around so that I faced the wall. With one hand, he kept the skirt of my dress up, and with his other, I had the vague impression of him fumbling with his clothes. Then, a moment later, he pushed himself into me. It was a shock, like nothing I’d experienced before. I’d meant what I’d said earlier: that I’d never been with another man. And even wet with desire, it still hurt to have him inside me that first time. He seemed too big and me too small. I cried out at the pain, an odd sort of pain that didn’t diminish the fire that had been building within me. His thrusts were hard and urgent, no doubt fueled by feelings he’d long been holding back on. And after a while, the initial pain seemed irrelevant. Pleasure began to grow as he moved into me over and over, and I adjusted myself so that I bent over more and let him take me more deeply. He thrust more forcefully, and I again exclaimed in surprise and blissful pain. I heard a muffled groan, and then his body shuddered as he spent himself, his movements at last slowing down. When he was done, he pulled out and turned me around. It was the first time I’d seen him naked in all of this. There was blood and semen on both of us, which I tried to clean off my thighs before finally just letting my dress fall back over me. I’d be bathing before the wedding anyway. Kyriakos had just finished putting his clothes back on when we heard my name again. This time, it was my mother. He and I stared at each other in wonder, scarcely believing we’d just done what we had. I was aglow with love and the joy of sex and a whole host of new feelings I wanted to explore in more detail. Fear of my mother drove us apart. Stepping back, he grinned and pressed my hand to his lips. â€Å"Tonight,† he breathed. â€Å"Tonight we†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Tonight,† I agreed. â€Å"We’ll do it again. I love you.† He smiled at me, eyes smoldering, and then hurried off before we were caught. I watched him go, my heart filled with joy. The rest of the day went by in a dreamy haze, partially because of the flurry of wedding activity and partially because of what had happened with Kyriakos. I’d had a vague idea of what would occur on our wedding night, but my imaginings had never come close to the real thing. I practically danced my way through the rest of the day, impatient to truly be Kyriakos’ wife and make love again and again. The wedding was taking place at our home, so there was enough work (along with my own preparation) to almost keep me distracted. As the ceremony time grew nearer, I was bathed and dressed in my wedding gown: an ivory tunic of fine material, wrapped with a flame-red veil. I had to kneel a little for my mother to adequately adjust the veil, earning a number of jokes about my height from my sister. It didn’t matter. Nothing mattered except me and Kyriakos being together forever. Soon, guests began arriving, and my heart rate increased. Anticipation and the day’s heat made me sweat, and I fretted about ruining the dress. Someone called out that Kyriakos and his family were approaching. The excitement in the air grew palpable, shared by everyone now. Yet, when Kyriakos arrived, he barged right into the house, going against the traditional procession and stately ceremony that should have taken place. For half a second, some girlish part of me thought that Kyriakos – in his burning love for me – couldn’t wait through the drawn out process of a ceremony. I was quickly enlightened. With a face flushed with fury, he marched up to my father. â€Å"Marthanes,† Kyriakos growled, finger in my father’s face. â€Å"You insult me if you think I’m going through with this wedding.† My father was clearly taken aback – not an easy thing to accomplish. People chastised me for my sharp tongue, but that was largely because I was a woman. I wasn’t half as bad as my father, and he’d intimidated a lot of men twice his size. (It was a sad irony that while I was tall for a woman, my father was short for a man.) A few moments later, my father recovered his usual bluster. â€Å"Of course you are!† he exclaimed. â€Å"We’ve made the betrothal. We paid the dowry.† Kyriakos’ father was there, and judging from his fine clothes and surprised expression, this was all news to him too. He set a hand on his son’s shoulder. â€Å"Kyriakos, what’s this all about?† â€Å"Her,† said Kyriakos, pointing his finger at me. His gaze swung to my face, and I flinched from its force, as though I’d been slapped. â€Å"I will not marry Marthanes’ whore of a daughter!† There were gasps and murmurs from those around us. My father’s face turned bright red. â€Å"You’re insulting me! All of my daughters are chaste. They’re all virgins.† â€Å"Are they?† Kyriakos turned back to me. â€Å"Are you?† All eyes turned to me, and I blanched. My tongue felt dry. I couldn’t muster any words. My father threw up his hands, clearly exasperated by this nonsense. â€Å"Tell them, Letha. Tell them so that we can end this and get our dowry back.† Kyriakos had a dangerous glint in his eyes as he studied me. â€Å"Yes, tell them so that we can end this. Are you a virgin?† â€Å"No, but – â€Å" Chaos erupted. Men shouted. My mother wailed. The guests were a mix of stunned shock and delight over a new scandal. Desperately, I tried to find my voice and shout above the din. â€Å"It was only with Kyriakos!† I cried. â€Å"Today was the first time!† Kyriakos turned away from where he’d been telling my father the dowry would not be returned. He glanced over at me. â€Å"It’s true,† he said. â€Å"We did it today. She spread herself as easily and knowingly as any whore, begging me to take her. There’s no telling how many men she’s offered her body up to – or how many she would even when married.† â€Å"No!† I exclaimed. â€Å"It’s not true!† But no one heard me. There was too much arguing now. Kyriakos’ family was raging over the insult. My family was bristling against the name-calling, and my father was trying his best to do damage control, though he knew perfectly well that my own admission had damned us. Premarital sex was not so out of the ordinary for lower classes, but as a tradesman’s family, we modeled a lot of our customs on our betters among the nobility – or pretended to. A girl’s virtue was a sacred thing, one that reflected on her father and family as a whole. This disgraced all of them – and had serious repercussions for me. As Kyriakos well knew. He had moved toward me so that I could hear him through the noise. â€Å"Now they all know,† he said in a low voice. â€Å"They all know you for what you are.† â€Å"It’s not true,† I said through my tears. â€Å"You know it isn’t.† â€Å"No one will have you now,† he continued. â€Å"No one worth having. You’ll spend the rest of your life on your back, spreading your legs for whoever comes along. And ultimately, you’ll be alone. No one will have you.† I squeezed my eyes shut to try to stop the tears, and when I opened them again, I was surrounded in blackness. Well, not entirely in blackness. Before me, the Oneroi glowed more brightly than before, lit from within by that eerie light. â€Å"An interesting dream,† said Two, with what I think passed for a smile. â€Å"One that gave us much to feed on.† â€Å"It’s not true,† I said. There were tears on my cheeks in waking, just as there had been in sleep. â€Å"That wasn’t true. It was a lie. That wasn’t how things happened.† The dream was muddling my brain, almost making me question myself, but my own memories soon won out. I remembered that day. I remembered kissing Kyriakos by the building and how we’d then gone separate ways, strengthened by the knowledge that we would soon be man and wife, making our wedding night that much sweeter. And it had been. It hadn’t been rushed against a wall. We’d taken time to learn and explore each other’s bodies. He’d been on top of me, staring into my eyes – not my back. He’d told me I was his life. He’d told me I was his world. â€Å"It was a lie,† I repeated more firmly, fixing the Oneroi with a glare. â€Å"That’s not how it happened. That’s not how it happened.† I knew I was right, yet I felt the need to keep repeating it, to make sure the words were true. One gave a small shrug, unconcerned. â€Å"It doesn’t matter. I told you: Mother shows the truth. But dreams? Dreams are dreams. They can be truth or lies, and all provide food for us. And you?† He smiled a smile that was the mirror of his twin’s. â€Å"You will dream†¦and dream†¦and dream†¦Ã¢â‚¬  How to cite Succubus Shadows Chapter 10, Essay examples

Unemployment on Poverty and Inequality

Question: Discuss about the Unemployment on Poverty and Inequality. Answer: Introduction: As a prerequisite to writing my Economics 101 paper, I interviewed Mr. Henry Lloyd. Notably, the interviewee is my older brother. As of now, he is a victim of the long term unemployment menace that has affected the Australian economy for decades. Long term unemployment is a significant problem in Australia. Essentially, an individual is long term unemployed if he or she remains without finding any form of work for over 52 weeks (Australian Policy Online, 2011). For this reason, the person receives income support from the government for over 52 weeks (Australian Policy Online, 2011). In the same view, Lloyd has suffered from long term unemployment as he has been unable to find work for almost eighteen months now. I started the interview by introducing Lloyd to the topic and explaining the relevance of the topic to my studies. After listening carefully to my explanation, he asked me to proceed with the interview. To start off the interview, I requested him to disclose the period length in which he has been unable to secure a job. To this, he responded by saying that he has been unable to find any form of employment in the country for over one and a half years, despite the fact that he has been actively looking for a job. Additionally, he added that he has sent out his resume to various companies in the country and is yet to receive any positive response from them. Markedly, this sad response prompted me to ask if he had been able to find any employment since he graduated. According to Lloyd, he graduated in 2013 with a bachelors degree in business administration. After graduation, he was able to find a temporary job at an audit firm. Here he worked for three months before he was told that the company was unable to accommodate many employees due to high costs. He then explained that after he was laid off, he remained unemployed for about six months before landing another job. This time round, he was employed on contract in a manufacturing company in Melbourne. The contract lasted for one year, after which he was terminated. When I asked him why the contract was not renewed, he said that the company was undergoing a period of continued financial losses and needed to cut down on wage costs. For this reason, many employees who were employed on contract basis had their contract terminated after the end of the agreed term. We went silent for a momen t before I could ask the next question. Then, I requested him to tell me the how being long term unemployed has affected him as an individual. In response, he took a deep breath and then explained that the continued period of joblessness has made him dependent on the other people, especially my parents. He further explained that he has been unable to move out of the family house and start his own family due to the lack of income to support a new family (Jericho, 2014). For this reason, he has remained a bachelor despite being old enough to marry and raise his own family. Additionally, he clarified that being jobless has eroded his confidence and selfesteem, increased stigma and shame and also alienation among his peers (Bassett, 2011). There is also increased family tension as he is under constant pressure from my parents to get a job (Leahy, 2013). Generally, long term joblessness has adversely affected his social life. In retrospect, I inquired if continued joblessness had any impact on a persons skills and economic value over time. To this, Lloyd responded by explaining that one adverse effect of long term joblessness is skill atrophy (Cavalho, 2015). More specifically, he explained that the longer he remained out of work, the more likely his skills deteriorated (Saunders, 2002). Mainly, this is due to the lack of use of the initial skills and training (Wade, 2014). Besides, employers seek years of experience, something that he does not have due to the continued period of joblessness (Loussikian, 2014). In this regard, his chances of getting an employment opportunity dwindle as time passes. To conclude the interview, I asked Lloyd to share with me how the experiences of being long term unemployed have affected his view and thinking about the current events in the country. Notably, he took this question with a lot of regards and explained that being unemployed has made him more attentive to the current economic events. He narrated that he is hopeful that the government will work out a strategy to increase the level of employment in the country. In addition, he is also watching out for government training programs that may be initiated to help him upgrade his skills to meet the requirements of the employers in the country. In the same view, the interview changed my perspective and view of things about current events. More precisely, I learned that long term unemployment is a persistent menace in the country, and could affect even individuals with exceptional academic qualifications. I had never discussed the topic with my brother, and it was great to hear what he had to say about the current long term unemployment problem in the country. References Bassett, L. (2011). Study: Longterm Unemployment Has Disastrous Effects On Health And Longevity. The Huffington Post. Retrieved on 21 Apr. 2017, from: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/11/05/study-longterm-unemployme_n_779743.html Carvalho, P. (2015). Australia's unemployed youth are getting priced out of the market. ABC. Retrieved on 21 Apr. 2017, from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-23/carvalho-youth-unemployment-priced-out-of-the-market/6964232. Jericho, G. (2014). Our long-term unemployment headache. ABC. Retrieved on 21 Apr. 2017, from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-03-26/jericho-our-long-term-unemployment-headache/5343362. Leahy, R. (2013). Unemployment Is Bad for Your Health. The Huffington Post. Retrieved on 21 Apr. 2017, from: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-leahy-phd/unemployment-health_b_2616430.html Long term unemployment in Australia: extent and effects You would be surprised!. (2011). Compassion Pop. Retrieved on 21 Apr. 2017, from: https://compassionpop.wordpress.com/2011/10/12/long-term-unemployment-in-australia-extent-and-effects-you-would-be-surprised/. Loussikian, K. (2010). Evaluating Teacher Effectiveness. The Conversation. Retrieved on 21 Apr. 2017, from: https://theconversation.com/long-term-youth-unemployment-triples-in-six-years-study-25543. Saunders, P. (2002). The Direct and Indirect Effects of Unemployment on Poverty and Inequality. Social Policy Research Center. Retrieved on 21 Apr. 2017, from: https://library.bsl.org.au/jspui/bitstream/1/412/1/SPRC%20Discussion%20Paper%20No%20118.pdf. Wade, M. (2014). Long-term unemployment in Australia. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved on 21 Apr. 2017, from: https://www.smh.com.au/national/longterm-unemployment-damages-australias-wellbeing-20140606-39ojk.html.

Intellectual Property Literature

Question: Critically discuss in light of the relevant literature, UK, CJEU and optionally also under US case law. Answer: Intellectual property is a legal word given to a work, which is created by use of intellect of a person and the right of monopoly given to the creator of such works as the exclusive right to use and disturb it (Cornish Llewelyn and Aplin 2013). There Intellectual property is the knowledge of the creator along with the product of its creation. For example, all the famous and popular paintings like Mona Lisa are the exclusive right of its creator. However, the right, which the law of the State gives the creator for his intellect work is termed as Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). There are different types of Intellectual Property Rights recognised by the United Kingdom (Bently and Sherman 2014). Some commonly known intellectual property rights are patents, copyright, trademarks and industrial trade secrets. The Intellectual property right is a new legal concept, developed a lot later than some very popular and traditional laws such as contract law and land laws. It was developed in t he late 19th century particularly in Europe for the first time. The main objective of this legal to be enforced was to encourage and protect innovation from the citizens of the State in every form. In United Kingdom, the Copyright Design and Patent Act, 1988 governs the laws related to intellectual property rights (Colston et al. 2010). One form of Intellectual Property Right is the copyright. Copyright is the right of a person to exercise complete monopoly on the work he has created out of his intellect. The work of the copyrighter is warranted automatically as soon as it leaves the mind of the creator and takes the form of expression in any form (Fawcett and Torremans 2011). Thus, copyright is created immediately on creation of some original work. There is no requirement to get the original work registered in the United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom, copyright regulations are governed under the Copyright, Design and Patent Act of 1998 (Horspool and Humphreys 2012). Thus, copyright covers literary works like books, novel, musical work, films, radio, internet and videos (Torremans 2013). It is a copyrighters exclusive right to prevent any third person from causing harm to his original work by doing the following events without the creators permission: copying his work Publishing the copies of this work for selling or distribution to public in large Performance of any sort of drama or creating any music, which required the recordings of the original work Make a movie or adaption of his original work in any form Copyright exists even after the death of its creator. In United Kingdom, copyright of any original work by a person lasts for 70 years after his death. In case of computer-based innovation and audio or video recording the said time limit for existence of copyright is 50 years after the death of the creator (Beebe 2010). Copyright law is violated when any person, without the permission of the creator uses his original work, which is protected under the copyright law of the State (Cornish, Llewelyn and Aplin 2013). With the growth of technology, and entry into the digital era, many software developers require copyright protection. Copying of any commercial developed software is entirely unauthorised under the Copyright laws (Feigl and Anger 2012). This applies irrespective of the fact that copy of original work is purchased in the form of CD, DVD or downloaded from the internet. However, if any software is used for any commercial or educationally purposes, appropriate permission in the form of license needs to be taken from the creator. The State has introduced a website called FAST in which one can report any infringement or threat of potential infringement of copyright (Troelstra and Van Dalen 2014). The new digital era has made technology so advanced that its almost impossible to work in any field today without the use of a computer and the various softwares in it. The use of computers has not only made working faster but also more efficient in every form of work. From storing data to making a worksheet, everything requires the need of the computer. Thus, the Copyright, Design and Patent Act, which was formed in 1988, becomes a little outdated to govern the new and advanced means for data or software protection. It is therefore important to note some reasons why United Kingdom needs a new copyright act or amendments in the previous one (Nielson Nielson and Hankin 2015). The first reason for the need of an updated copyright Act in the United Kingdom is that a long has passed since a Copyright Act was enacted, which is almost more than 25 years from now. After entering the digital age, the advancement in technologies and computerized mode of performing routine activities has changed drastically from the time the Act was passed in 1988. Today there is online shopping, smart phones, tablets and social media which are not regulated as they were non-existent at the time of the Act. (Kawashima 2010). The second reason is to encourage innovation, which can lead to economic growth. The young firms in the country that can introduce innovation, which will in return be a reason for economic growth; but as these young firms are under rapid increased use of Intellectual Property rights, it increases their Intellectual Property transactions liabilities which in return blocks these firms from growth and innovation ( Cason and Mllensiefen 2012). The Intellectual Property law in United Kingdom is so strict that its limits people from copying music even in routine life. For example, music from CDs is restricted from copying to ITunes. This has made the copyright laws in the United Kingdom become a barrier in creating innovations in any fields like arts, business and literary In order to formulate complete growth in all sectors in the United Kingdom, there is a need for a forum where digital information is readily available and can be sold and brought easily sitting at home with mere exchange of licenses. A system needs to be created which can make transaction better the copyright holder, small or big in operations to easily sell his work and for potential buyers to easily be able to buy such work (Sobin, Gospodarowicz, and Wittekind 2011). Right from the time the Copyright, Design and Patents Act, 1988 was enforced it is nearly amended 80 types till date (Zandvoord 2013).Some of its amendments are to feature the EU copyright principles and others are made to implement changes in the domestic inconvenience the copyright law was causing. Even after all these amendments, till today the copyright Act does not fit to meet the needs of todays digital age. The amendments have only made the Act more confusing and lengthy in nature (Kreger 2013). Another amendment, which is certainly needed in the United Kingdom for updating its copyright law, is regarding the permission to use the same for private purposes without infringement of the copyright. Certain works from creators of copyright cannot be used or are locked from the public at large as the owner of the same is unknown to claim his copyright. Therefore, such work is restricted for any type of use (Bently and Sherman 2014). The concept of fair use which is popular in United States of America needs implementation in the United Kingdom (Ellig 2014). Fair use means free usage, which makes this rule an exception to the right of the copyright owner monopoly in using his creation. Under fair use rule, a copyright, which is made open to the public, can be used provided the use is allowed under the fair use blanket, the material is justified in use and no more than needed is used in any form. Thesource, which means the author, is mentioned in the text in which the copyright mater ial is used. In Wright v Warner Books, Inc the defendant had published some content from the books of a deceased author his wife sued the defendant stating that the copyright of her deceased husbands work is infringement. The judgement of the case was in favour of defendant as only one 1% of the work from the deceased authors copyrighted work was used in the book and it was purely for informational purpose (Pallante 2012). In Folsom v Marsh 9 F. Case 342 (C.C.D. Mass. 1841) the defendant had copied 353 pages from a book that had exclusive copyright of its publishers. Thus, he was sued for infringing that copyright. The Court concluded in favour of the publishers stating that an extract, which the defendant printed, could decrease the sale of the original work and therefore does not fall under the fair use blanket (Samuelson 2012). Thus every case decided under the fair rule blanket needs to be decided on case-to-case basis with keeping certain underlying principles in mind like purpose and use of concerned copyright and economic loss to the copyright holder due to use of the copyright content. Infopaq Int v Danske Dagblades Forening is a Danish case on copyright; decided by the Court of Justice of European Union where the summaries of newsletter were automatically published. The issue of the case was that copyright material automatically re-produced during business operations was infringement of copyright (DeBriyn, J., 2012). The Court of Justice of European Union Decide that businesses should look at their operations carefully to avoid infringement of copyright. The fair rule under the copyright law states that any copyright can be used without license or permission if it is for private purposes like research and education (Kingston 2001). A normal citizen in the United Kingdom regularly breaches Intellectual Property law by merely transferring music from CDs to iPods or vis verse. Another disadvantage of this is that it creates the citizens to take the law in hand as avery casual and routine thing. The copyright law being very out-dated in the modern era, breaching the same is obvious. This can make a citizen feel very casual about breaking a law and still not being punished. The copyright law in the United Kingdom has a number of defects, as it is outdated to meet the current needs of digital era. As the Government wants to introduce certain reforms in order to upgrade the Copyright, Design and Patent Act, 1998 so that the Act meets the needs of current digital age, some important recommendations need to be listed (Rosenbaum 2011). The first recommendation that the United Kingdom needs to incorporate is in relation to evidence. The new updated system, which requires implementation, in the United Kingdom, should balance innovation, economic object of growth with social benefits of the copyright holder and the customer. This will help in extending the copyrights law or in setting appropriate limits for the same (Nimmer, D., 2013). The second recommendation is licensing of copyright. In the Bridgeport Music, Inc v Dimension Films 410 F. 3d 792 (2005) ;the plaintiff jointly owned the copyright of a song which, was partially used in a rap song in a movie by the defendant. The defendant obtained license to use the same from just one plaintiff thus the plaintiff sued the defendant. The trial court agreed that the song was used without permission. However, on appeal, the order stood reserved and Court stated that defendant had the right to underlying composition of the song but not the sound recording. It is very necessary to boost the United Kingdoms global digital transaction and not just national. Therefore, the United Kingdom should introduce a digital copyright exchange forum, which will encourage copyright owners by giving them certain benefits to allow their work to be used through licensing. It is important to support the European Nations and regulation to develop a cross border digital licensing system where copyrighters from over the globe can contribute their work by licensing it and everyone is open for purchasing such license for legitimate needs (Vanhanen, T., 2013). The third way the United Kingdom can upgrade its copyright law to meet present advanced age is by enabling license to orphan work. Orphan work means when a person creates a work from his intellect and is unknown to the world when his work is open to the public. Such works where the authors are unknown need to be open to the world without the fear of infringement right of copyrighter. All such works should be collected together and then licensed to be used by anyone ready to buy a license for the same. The forth way to update copyright law in the United Kingdom is to limit the process that sets too much regulation on the copyright law. The basic aim of introducing the copyright law was to protect the original work of the creator. Therefore, regulations under the Copyright, Design and Patent Act, 1988 do not restrict or disturb the objective of the copyright law to be relaxed. The government should implement the concept of fair use, which is a very popular legal concept under the copyright laws in United States of America. Fair rule means free usage, which is an exception to the exclusive copyright by the copyright holder of his work. The fair use allows using copyright material without the permission of the copyright holder for various reasons like non-commercial research and educational research. The fair use needs to be used without violating the right of monopoly in ones work of the copyright holder ( Zandvoord, 2013) In Suntrust Bank v Houghton Mifflin Co, the plaintiff was the writer and copyright holder of a very famous book called Gone with the Wind. The defendant was about to publish a book called The Wind Done Gone in which she had used the pattern and character from the book Gone with the Winds Thus, the plaintiff from stopping the distribution of defendants book pleaded an injunction. However, the Court rejecting the same stated that publication and creation of parody, which is carefully written, falls under the blanket of fair use in the copyright law in the United States of America. Thus, the Court allowed the publication and distribution of authors book (Brabec et al. 2013). It is important for the United Kingdom to make its copyright law liberal just like it is in United States of America to encourage innovation and better economic growth. With liberal policies, individuals will be in a better position to research and develop new and updated versions of the old copyrighted material. Moreover, the copyright law of the European Nations which was enacted for the reason that they be implemented in each State in Europe along with the case laws on copyright passed by the Court of Justice of the European Union; needs to be kept in mind while updating the Copyright, Design and the Patent Act, 1988 (Kawashima, N., 2010). Therefore to conclude the whole issue of outdated copyright laws in the United Kingdom is the duty and responsibility of the United Kingdoms Government to conduct intensive research in finding the loopholes of the Act that are preventing the same from meeting the needs of present modern technologically advanced digital era. The implementation of the reforms can possibly enforce it to encourage the basic aim of creating copyright laws in the nation. For growth of the nation, in general the copyright laws should be friendly when used for legitimate purposes like in educational and scientific researches. With help of this, the chances of innovation and development will be possible in the country, which will increase its economic prosperity and also encourage individuals in innovating newer and faster ways to life and work more efficiently and comfortably (Torremans 2013). With the copyrights laws being liberal in nature, the basic aim of creating copyright law, which was encouraging inn ovation, and then protecting it, will be achieved in the United Kingdom. Reference List Beebe, B., 2010. Intellectual property law and the sumptuary code.Harvard Law Review, pp.810-889. Bently, L. and Sherman, B., 2014.Intellectual property law. Oxford University Press. Bently, L. and Sherman, B., 2014.Intellectual property law. Oxford University Press. Brabec, C.J., Dyakonov, V., Parisi, J. and Sariciftci, N.S. eds., 2013.Organic photovoltaics: concepts and realization(Vol. 60). Springer Science Business Media..Organic photovoltaics: concepts and realization(Vol. 60). Springer Science Business Media. 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